A little learning is a dangerous thing; drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring: there shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, and drinking largely sobers us again.
Alexander Pope
Terrain 3 A's
- angle
- aspect
- altitude
angle
The main determinant of whether a slope can avalanche is its angle.
- Sloughs and spindrift avalanches occur at angles greater than 60 degrees throughout a snow fall, preventing these steeper slopes from accumulating snow.
- Slab avalanches are most common on slopes between 35 and 45 degrees, the steepness of expert runs at ski resorts.
- Very wet slides are possible at angles of less than 20 degrees.
It is critical to know what is above you as you travel. All the snow on a slope is connected. While avalanches don't usually initiate on slopes of less than 25 degrees you can still trigger them from below on a low angle slope and potentially be standing in a runout zone.
aspect
Aspect refers to a slope's orientation to the wind and the sun.
- Wind is the single most important modifier of the snow pack. There doesn't need to be a fresh snowfall to increase the avalanche hazard.
- Lee slopes collect more snow (sometimes a lot more) due to drifting and snow being carried from the windward to the leeward (downwind) side of ridges often creating wind slab.
- Windward slopes tend to be stripped of snow and therefore are safer to travel on.
- Radiation from the sun influences the snow stability. In winter it tends to be a stabilising influence, melting and refreezing - breaking down hazardous layers that form in cold conditions.
- In spring, intense solar radiation can have the opposite effect; acting as trigger of loose snow slides especially on sunny aspects in the afternoon.
altitude
Snow conditions and stability will change with elevation due to variations in snowfall, temperature and wind.